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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are among the most frequently prescribed medication for ADHD, and appear to increase and regulate levels of brain chemicals. However, they cannot cure the condition and can only help with symptoms as long as they are taken regularly. The adverse effects of ADHD medication can include changes in blood pressure and heart rate, anxiety and tics. Children and teens who take stimulant medications notice a slight reduction in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nerve stimulant is the most well-known medication used to treat ADHD. It is available in various forms, including tablets that chew liquid and an oral disintegrating tablet that performs long, and a pill with extended release. The drug increases the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. This helps to improve concentration. It can also lessen the symptoms of depression and anxiety. When coupled with other treatments, like behavioral therapy, methylphenidate could be an effective treatment for ADHD. Methylphenidate works by blocking the transporters that are normally responsible for removing these neurotransmitters from the brain. The drug may cause a slight increase in heart rate or blood pressure. It can also cause an abrupt change in blood sugar levels, and diabetics should be careful when taking this medication. Consult your physician if you experience any of these symptoms. Methylphenidate may also trigger a condition called Raynaud's phenomenon that causes numbness as well as discomfort in the toes and fingers. This is a rare side effect however, it is crucial to notify your doctor if you have these symptoms. There is a concerns that methylphenidate can slow the growth of children, but it hasn't been proven to be the case. If your child is taking methylphenidate make sure you be attentive to their weight and height. If your child is on a methylphenidate chewable tablet is a phenylalanine-based tablet, which can be dangerous for children who have the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). Consult your physician about an alternative methylphenidate formulation if you have PKU. Some people have difficulty with stimulants which are the most popular option for treating ADHD. In these instances, doctors might prescribe another medication that performs in a similar manner. Besides methylphenidate, there are other stimulants like dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine. These drugs can last for longer and are more potent than methylphenidate. They are typically taken two to three times daily, but some people can take them more often. Psychological treatments are also available to treat ADHD however they are less likely to prove beneficial than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine, also known by the brand name Strattera, is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that improves concentration and decreases hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It is part of a class known as selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors. It works by boosting levels of norepinephrine and dopamine two chemical messengers that regulate brain activity. It is a popular option for adults and children who prefer a different kind of medication than stimulants, such as Adderall and Vyvanse. It is crucial to keep in mind that atomoxetine is not effective instantly, and it can take up to 6 weeks for the effects of the medication to be evident. There are also side effects such as drowsiness and nausea. For the majority of patients, the benefits of taking atomoxetine are greater than any risks. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study conducted on 297 ADHD patients aged between 12 and 18 years old, the effectiveness of atomoxetine is confirmed. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either atomoxetine in a daily dose of 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo for a period of 9 weeks. Both the atomoxetine group and the placebo group experienced a reduction in depression symptoms. The atomoxetine group experienced greater improvements in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However the improvement was only modest (Michelson et al 2001). In a separate open study, 10 patients suffering from ADHD who were unable to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine over 8 weeks. The atomoxetine group demonstrated improved ADHD symptoms when compared to the placebo group with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Investigator Rated Screening version and Clinical Global Impressions of Severity scale gaining significant. One patient was unable to continue treatment due to an outbreak of rash. In addition, three patients reported transient gastrointestinal disturbances and one patient reported fatigue that was more severe (Kratochvil and colleagues, 2005). Before you begin treatment with atomoxetine with your physician about your health background and any other medications or supplements that you're taking. This includes herbal remedies and other over-the-counter medicines. It is particularly important to inform your doctor if there is narrow-angle glaucoma or a thyroid tumor or adrenal gland tumor and high blood pressure heart disease or a history of sudden death. Also, be wary of atomoxetine in the event that you have taken an MAO inhibitor, such as isocarboxazid, linezolid, methylene blue injection rasagiline, phenelzine, or tranylcypromine, in the past 14 days. Bupropion Bupropion is a non-stimulant medication that can improve the symptoms of ADHD. It can also reduce the amount of impulsivity and improve concentration. However, it does not affect the brain in the way stimulants do. Only prescriptions are accepted. Your doctor will determine the right dosage for you. Bupropion is available in tablets and capsules. It is important to follow the directions. There are withdrawal symptoms that can occur when you stop abruptly. It's usually taken twice or three times per day with 4-6 hours between each dose. The dose can range between 100 mg twice or three times a day up to 150 mg three or four times daily. The drug is absorbed in the digestive tract and is excreted in urine, meaning it can't enter breast milk. However, it could enter the bloodstream and cause harm to other organs. Bupropion may increase blood pressure, so it's vital to monitor it regularly. Bupropion can, in addition to helping to reduce ADHD symptoms, can also reduce depression. It is also used to treat bipolar disorder. It is a method of blocking dopamine receptors within your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine from reaching your brain, which can help stabilize mood. Bupropion can interact with other medications It's therefore important to inform your doctor of any other medications you're taking. It's essential to let your doctor know that you have any allergies. You should also avoid caffeine or other stimulants that could make the adverse effects more severe. Several studies have examined the effects of bupropion versus placebos in adults with ADHD. These studies produced mixed results, and a lot were poorly conducted. Moreover, many of them excluded people with psychiatric comorbidity. Nevertheless, the data suggest that bupropion may have a small impact on ADHD. Further research is needed to determine positive outcomes for patients, such as the improvement in their quality of living. Furthermore, look what i found of the molecular subtypes of ADHD is required before effective treatment can be created. This includes a better knowledge of the relationship between molecular pathways. It's also important to understand how anti-ADHD drugs function in conjunction with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants When the stimulants prescribed to children with ADHD don't work or cause troublesome side effects, the doctor may turn to antidepressants as a treatment. These medications, like imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl and Pamelor) are able to increase the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which help people focus. These are older drugs which can cause serious adverse reactions, and are usually only used after other medications have failed. The first option for antidepressants in depression is usually an inhibitor of serotonin reuptake (SSRI) such as fluoxetine, sertraline or citalopram. However, tricyclic antidepressants that have been around for a long time, can be used in some cases. These medications are effective in treating neuropathic and other pains, but their antidepressant effect is not the same. They enhance noradrenephrine through inhibiting its reuptake and also act as lower modulators of pain pathways in the spinal cord. SSRIs have less risk of toxicity and less serious adverse effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They are also safer during pregnancy and do not appear to be teratogenic to animals or humans. If they are abruptly stopped, they could cause withdrawal symptoms that are severe. To lessen the negative adverse effects, your physician may suggest reducing your dose gradually over a period of time. Bupropion, an antidepressant commonly prescribed off-label to treat ADHD but isn't FDA approved as a treatment for adhd. It's believed to work by increasing the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and acetylcholine that are found in the brain, which improves concentration. It also helps reduce anxiety and stress. It can be paired with stimulants to produce quicker and lasting results. There are no FDA-approved non-stimulant ADHD medications, but many people find relief from herbal remedies and dietary supplements. A diet that is low in sugar and fat may also help to reduce ADHD symptoms. Some people might also benefit by avoiding caffeine. Tell your doctor all medications you or your child are taking as well as herbal remedies and prescription drugs. This can help reduce unwanted side effects and help prevent interactions. ADHD medication can affect people differently. It may take some trial and error before you find the right dosage and dose for your child or yourself.